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1981 Escort GL Issues. Anyone know anything??!

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Picked up this relatively clean 1981 Escort with a 1.6, Auto Factory AC & PS. She’s kind of a beaut, has some damage on tbe roof snd the starts of rust in some spots but! I have a couple questions about it! My carburetor has been rebuilt recently but then was left to sit (i found receipts for a rebuilt unit in the car) and after replacing almost every fuel line and cleaning the tank, she still seems to run roughly at idle, but when it’s cold it idles fine. I have to left foot break and stay on the throttle at stoplights to keep it alive. putting it in park makes no difference. Is it tuning, is if the choke? vacuum? a solenoid i don’t know about ? at idle it just sputters and shakes. gas mileage is not great either. Also has small issues like the clock wnd horn don’t work, but the fuses aren’t blown. Any help would be greatly appreciated ! Not a whole lot of 81’s driving around. I have an ‘86 body kit I’m interested on putting on this one after it runs perfect
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Anything with a carburetor depends a lot on the small passages in the carb being clean; as in not having insects dead in them. Also the proper operation of the venturi effect involves passages that only have air in them allowing the fuel/air mixture to percolate right. Getting a new carb or one that has been recently rebuilt by an expert might make a big difference. And whatever mechanism the choke had, has probably gone senile.
Dont neglect the distributor innards. There can be two things messing up the running of the motor; one is the centrifigal advance not being free, to let the rotor turn ahead of the main distributor shaft, as the rpm increases. If there is a hollow place under the rotor, it may need to be lubricated so the inner and outer shafts of the distributor can move relative to ecah other. Also the vacuum advance has to be working, which can involve a vacuum operated diaphragm that has developed a tiny hole in the bladder, or just crud. If there is a swivel plate inside'; the distributor (to allow the vacuum advance/retard function to work, make sure the tiny wire that grounds the swivel plate to the case of the distributor is in good shape. I dont know if an 81 had an electronic module or a capacitor inside it - but if so, I might try replacing them.
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From what you say it sure sounds like the idle mixture is too rich or the choke is staying (partially) closed. Hopefully it's not flooding.

Symptoms of this are easy cold starts, hard hot starts, once warm idles so low it stalls, poor throttle response, and having to keep the idle up with the pedal.

First check to make sure the choke FULLY opens once warm, find this out by simply firing it up when cold like you nromally wouldbut with the airbox removed. Once it's running walk around to the front of the car and inspect the carb, the choke should be closed when it first starts then should move to fully open once warm. If it seems to be taking more than 3-5 minutes to move rev it up & down some and check again. If it's still partially closed your electric choke is failing - switch to a manual unit, these are far more reliable and better for performance, fuel economy, hot/cold starts, etc - there's absolutely no con to them besides you'll now have a choke knob under your dashboard.

If the choke opens up fully then it is fine and what you have to do is adjust the idle mixture & idle speed. On the BACK of the carb in the CENTER of the "base" is a cylindrical casting pertruding about 3/8" out of the carb, inside is a flat-head screw - this is your idle mixture adjustment screw. If you carb has never been properly rebuilt then this screw will be hidden by a welsh plug you have to drill out before you can adjust your idle mix.
If this is the case the carb must be removed to drill it out (drill a small hole into the plug and use a thick wood screw to pry it out, don't go too deep or you'll damage the mix screw inside) and since you're holding the carb in your hand remove the idle mix screw and polish the tip. Put the screw back in as many turns out (from bottom) as it was before, turning it out (counterclockwise) makes idle rich while turning it in (clockwise) makes idle lean so turn it in 1/4 of a turn. Now reinstall the carb and try it out, if it needs adjusting you can do so with a pocket screwdriver - find out which fits best while you hold the carb in your hand. If the carb is from a 1.9 the idle mix screw might be an allen head, it will be a very odd size (like 7/32" I think?).

Either way it will still need adjusting once the carb is back on, but fire it up first and get it warm. Once warm you can start adjusting, just remember righty-leany & lefty-richy. You know when you have it right when it idles really smooth and when you blip the throttle it has no hesitation. Also when you rev up and let off the pedal is should go straight to idle without hanging above idle or dipping below idle, it will also restart hot without any throttle.
While doing this you do have to adjust the idle speed too, it will be a large bolt hiding under the choke unit pointing backwards like the idle mix. Before you touch this loosen your high idle speed screw some, this is the one that goes into your choke unit. If you have to decrease idle speed this can hold it up so we must make sure it's turned out a little ways. Some times the idle speed screw is philips or straight-slot, but you can turn it by hand if your fingers fit - turn left for lower idle & turn right for higher idle. You want idle to be between 750-1000rpms once warm, it might also be happy above or below that but keep in mind when you use the brakes the idle can raise a tad or dip some which can make you stall at stops if it's too low or grind into reverse from a stop if it's too high. Once you have idle speed set check your idle mix adjustment again, if it was too rich then the idle screw was likely turned in a ways to compensate for it but regardless the idle mix will be set differently if you idle at 780rpm than if you idle at 940rpm.

If you're all done and happy with your settings button it up and go for a spin :)

After you park it you'll have to set the high idle speed when you next cold start it, you start it like you normally would cold and once you "set the choke" (hold the throttle at 1200-2200rpm until it holds itself up) you can remove the airbox and set the high idle speed to your liking. This is done by turning the screw that goes into the choke unit, turning it in raises your high idle while turning it out lowers it. Now PAY ATTENTION, there are 2 high idle speed notches so if the screw is only on the lower one make sure you're setting that high idle to only 1500-1700rpm because the one above it will be signifigantly higher. If the screw is resting on the top one set it to 2000-2400rpm (I like 2000-2200rpm), now if you set it on the top notch then the lower notch will be what it is - they're proprtionate to each other but they're inconsistent between vehicles so there's not set rules for them. Just know that it's easier to set the upper notch knowing the lower will be fine than it is to set the lower one not knowing how high of an idle the upper one will be.

Hopefully you can follow that all well, it's much easier than I might make it sound but this way you know the ins & outs of everything you're working with AND you know what you should be looking for vs what to expect with each adjustment.
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Hey, our Escorts have progressed from "old cars" to "vintage"!
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How hard do you find it to get 13" or 14" tires these days?
How hard do you find it to get 13" or 14" tires these days?
For the 13" standard Escort wheel no problem, tires for the 13" SS/EXP wheels will have compromises in height & width
How hard do you find it to get 13" or 14" tires these days?
13" would be harder to find of the two. Early GT/SS as 1982 EXPert stated would be very hard to get. 14" should not be all to hard, a lot of cars smaller cars like the mx 5 miata used 14" for the longest time. However selection of 14" tires is going to be small. 15" would be a walk in the park, any tire shop could get them.
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I have no problem getting good cheap used 13" tires. I keep a couple spare sets around, and when I see really good ones advertised for cheap I buy them.

The family fleet runs on used tires, I haven't bought new ones in decades.

However I live in a fairly cool, moist climate (north of Seattle) so tires last probably several times longer than in, say, Texas or Southern California.
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Dont neglect the distributor innards.
On my 85GT I found it ran best when I periodically removed the distributor cap and removed built up carbon on the distributor parts where the rotor contacts hit it. By periodically I mean around every 5000 miles. It was easy enough to do.


Also the vacuum advance has to be working, which can involve a vacuum operated diaphragm that has developed a tiny hole in the bladder.
Any vacuum diaphragm that old should be checked for leakage with a MityVac, because it's probably bad. The "vacuum motor" on the heat riser (on the air intake) is bad if it hasn't been replaced. Specifically Motorcraft CX554 listed on Rock Auto.

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Anything with a carburetor depends a lot on the small passages in the carb being clean; as in not having insects dead in them. Also the proper operation of the venturi effect involves passages that only have air in them allowing the fuel/air mixture to percolate right. Getting a new carb or one that has been recently rebuilt by an expert might make a big difference. And whatever mechanism the choke had, has probably gone senile.
Dont neglect the distributor innards. There can be two things messing up the running of the motor; one is the centrifigal advance not being free, to let the rotor turn ahead of the main distributor shaft, as the rpm increases. If there is a hollow place under the rotor, it may need to be lubricated so the inner and outer shafts of the distributor can move relative to ecah other. Also the vacuum advance has to be working, which can involve a vacuum operated diaphragm that has developed a tiny hole in the bladder, or just crud. If there is a swivel plate inside'; the distributor (to allow the vacuum advance/retard function to work, make sure the tiny wire that grounds the swivel plate to the case of the distributor is in good shape. I dont know if an 81 had an electronic module or a capacitor inside it - but if so, I might try replacing them.
thank you! I'm ordering a rebuilt cardone unit this week after I get paid. I lubricated the inner shaft but it seems to be stuck without advancing the distributor. I appreciate the help!
Hey, our Escorts have progressed from "old cars" to "vintage"!
In Utah, vintage vehicles are 30 years are older, and antique cars are 40 years or older. With that plate, it doesn't have to pass emissions and the insurance is reduced as well. Good deal.
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From what you say it sure sounds like the idle mixture is too rich or the choke is staying (partially) closed. Hopefully it's not flooding.

Symptoms of this are easy cold starts, hard hot starts, once warm idles so low it stalls, poor throttle response, and having to keep the idle up with the pedal.

First check to make sure the choke FULLY opens once warm, find this out by simply firing it up when cold like you nromally wouldbut with the airbox removed. Once it's running walk around to the front of the car and inspect the carb, the choke should be closed when it first starts then should move to fully open once warm. If it seems to be taking more than 3-5 minutes to move rev it up & down some and check again. If it's still partially closed your electric choke is failing - switch to a manual unit, these are far more reliable and better for performance, fuel economy, hot/cold starts, etc - there's absolutely no con to them besides you'll now have a choke knob under your dashboard.

If the choke opens up fully then it is fine and what you have to do is adjust the idle mixture & idle speed. On the BACK of the carb in the CENTER of the "base" is a cylindrical casting pertruding about 3/8" out of the carb, inside is a flat-head screw - this is your idle mixture adjustment screw. If you carb has never been properly rebuilt then this screw will be hidden by a welsh plug you have to drill out before you can adjust your idle mix.
If this is the case the carb must be removed to drill it out (drill a small hole into the plug and use a thick wood screw to pry it out, don't go too deep or you'll damage the mix screw inside) and since you're holding the carb in your hand remove the idle mix screw and polish the tip. Put the screw back in as many turns out (from bottom) as it was before, turning it out (counterclockwise) makes idle rich while turning it in (clockwise) makes idle lean so turn it in 1/4 of a turn. Now reinstall the carb and try it out, if it needs adjusting you can do so with a pocket screwdriver - find out which fits best while you hold the carb in your hand. If the carb is from a 1.9 the idle mix screw might be an allen head, it will be a very odd size (like 7/32" I think?).

Either way it will still need adjusting once the carb is back on, but fire it up first and get it warm. Once warm you can start adjusting, just remember righty-leany & lefty-richy. You know when you have it right when it idles really smooth and when you blip the throttle it has no hesitation. Also when you rev up and let off the pedal is should go straight to idle without hanging above idle or dipping below idle, it will also restart hot without any throttle.
While doing this you do have to adjust the idle speed too, it will be a large bolt hiding under the choke unit pointing backwards like the idle mix. Before you touch this loosen your high idle speed screw some, this is the one that goes into your choke unit. If you have to decrease idle speed this can hold it up so we must make sure it's turned out a little ways. Some times the idle speed screw is philips or straight-slot, but you can turn it by hand if your fingers fit - turn left for lower idle & turn right for higher idle. You want idle to be between 750-1000rpms once warm, it might also be happy above or below that but keep in mind when you use the brakes the idle can raise a tad or dip some which can make you stall at stops if it's too low or grind into reverse from a stop if it's too high. Once you have idle speed set check your idle mix adjustment again, if it was too rich then the idle screw was likely turned in a ways to compensate for it but regardless the idle mix will be set differently if you idle at 780rpm than if you idle at 940rpm.

If you're all done and happy with your settings button it up and go for a spin :)

After you park it you'll have to set the high idle speed when you next cold start it, you start it like you normally would cold and once you "set the choke" (hold the throttle at 1200-2200rpm until it holds itself up) you can remove the airbox and set the high idle speed to your liking. This is done by turning the screw that goes into the choke unit, turning it in raises your high idle while turning it out lowers it. Now PAY ATTENTION, there are 2 high idle speed notches so if the screw is only on the lower one make sure you're setting that high idle to only 1500-1700rpm because the one above it will be signifigantly higher. If the screw is resting on the top one set it to 2000-2400rpm (I like 2000-2200rpm), now if you set it on the top notch then the lower notch will be what it is - they're proprtionate to each other but they're inconsistent between vehicles so there's not set rules for them. Just know that it's easier to set the upper notch knowing the lower will be fine than it is to set the lower one not knowing how high of an idle the upper one will be.

Hopefully you can follow that all well, it's much easier than I might make it sound but this way you know the ins & outs of everything you're working with AND you know what you should be looking for vs what to expect with each adjustment.
I was able to get behind the carburetor and find the screw underneath the choke. This was an amazing help, I really can't thank you enough. It was also running pig-rich, and with the idle set in place with the lower screw, I was able to lean it out some and get some power/mileage back. After doing some research about a manual choke conversion, I was able to find your video on YouTube about it and I've ordered all the parts! I believe the choke is getting stuck partially closed, and even when I adjusted the idle, it was partially closed and now is slightly slightly higher than what I set it to. I have the idle set to about 800-900, I wanted it a bit high because I do think there might still be a major vacuum leak. It's still the most sluggish escort I have out of my 3, but after maintenance (plugs, wires, cap, rotor, trans filter, oil change, etc.) and the carb adjustment, I no longer have to left foot brake and it seems to be running much smoother. You sir are a genius! I will adjust the carburetor again when I have my intake manifold gasket replaced.
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How hard do you find it to get 13" or 14" tires these days?
I've even able to find both in junkyards on Honda Civic rims! They're 11$ a tire down here, and nobody seems to take them...
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Funny, I had a pair as well on rusty Honda rims that I picked up in a back alley junk pile. Used them up on the '92 Protege in the family fleet, then scrapped the rims but kept the neat H center caps.

I like to buy full sets of excellent tires on Escort or Mazda rims at $100 or less. I can mount my own tires, but not balance so this saves me a bunch of money.
I'm just now wearing out a set of Michelins on nice Escort rims that cost me all of $60. And this is Canadian dollars, so cheap like borscht.
Glad it worked out for you!
I don't call me the 1982 EXPert for nothin! lol

I work on (mostly vintage) powersports all day so I've quickly become a master of most carbureted setups. If there's any other issues give a shout!
Recently my 40 year old carb spacer finally failed and created a nasty vacuum leak, the 81-82 ones are multi-piece plastic parts melted/glued into a single piece while the 83+ spacers are cast as a solid single part so the older ones evntually split or crack form heat cycles & vibration creating a few forms of vacuum leaks - some times they'll whistle or buzz like the top note of a harmonica lol Just another thing to look/listen for if you think you're facing a vacuum leak either now or down the line.
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Don't know about 13's but I picked up a set of four 185/60-R14's Solaris AP 340's for $266 out the door for my LTS, couldn't stand the 2007 dated flat spotted dry rotted tires that had been on it when it was parked in a barn in 2010, made all the difference in the world in driveability,. thought I needed CV shafts, ball joints and tie rods, nope it was all tire issues.
Picked up this relatively clean 1981 Escort with a 1.6, Auto Factory AC & PS. She’s kind of a beaut, has some damage on tbe roof snd the starts of rust in some spots but! I have a couple questions about it! My carburetor has been rebuilt recently but then was left to sit (i found receipts for a rebuilt unit in the car) and after replacing almost every fuel line and cleaning the tank, she still seems to run roughly at idle, but when it’s cold it idles fine. I have to left foot break and stay on the throttle at stoplights to keep it alive. putting it in park makes no difference. Is it tuning, is if the choke? vacuum? a solenoid i don’t know about ? at idle it just sputters and shakes. gas mileage is not great either. Also has small issues like the clock wnd horn don’t work, but the fuses aren’t blown. Any help would be greatly appreciated ! Not a whole lot of 81’s driving around. I have an ‘86 body kit I’m interested on putting on this one after it runs perfect View attachment 51675 View attachment 51676 View attachment 51677 View attachment 51678
Picked up this relatively clean 1981 Escort with a 1.6, Auto Factory AC & PS. She’s kind of a beaut, has some damage on tbe roof snd the starts of rust in some spots but! I have a couple questions about it! My carburetor has been rebuilt recently but then was left to sit (i found receipts for a rebuilt unit in the car) and after replacing almost every fuel line and cleaning the tank, she still seems to run roughly at idle, but when it’s cold it idles fine. I have to left foot break and stay on the throttle at stoplights to keep it alive. putting it in park makes no difference. Is it tuning, is if the choke? vacuum? a solenoid i don’t know about ? at idle it just sputters and shakes. gas mileage is not great either. Also has small issues like the clock wnd horn don’t work, but the fuses aren’t blown. Any help would be greatly appreciated ! Not a whole lot of 81’s driving around. I have an ‘86 body kit I’m interested on putting on this one after it runs perfect View attachment 51675 View attachment 51676 View attachment 51677 View attachment 51678
The information from the others about the fine pathways in the carb is spot on. These babies like a clean carb but HATE Ethanol. Get a new or professionally rebuilt carb. If possible find Ethanol free fuel or an additive to compensate for the ethanal damage, Gumout, Stabil, and Lucas Oils make additives. I had an '81 2 door 4 speed, and I loved it until the head gasket blew after 170,000 miles. I advanced the crank shaft timing 1 cog and retarded the distributor slightly to match. She would get rubber in 3rd gear at 60 mph and scare Mustangs at the light. I replaced the spark plugs every 20k and run higher octane fuels. (No surprise the head gasket blew) Winter Driving, the engine would loose a cylinder due to frost build up on the plug wires. A simple piece of cardboard covering the wires from the radaitor saddle to the air cleaner took care of the frost. Yours looks good. I hope you are still enjoying it.
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Higher octane does absolutely nothing for you at all,period unless you are having pre ignition problems. Jet fuel is real high octane,your car won't even run on it. Octane is the ability to resist burn,thus fight preignition. If you have high compression,lots of timing,too much deck height etc. High octane may help but only because you're controlling the preignition. High octane doesn't blow head gaskets,neither does playing with cam timing. @joe_twowagons research balancing motorcycle tires,now use an old rear spindle,drum and wheel bearings make a jig and you can balance tires at home.
Last year I was down in NW Washington State and visited several Harbor Freight locations in a search for a bubble balancer. I finally found one and now can statically balance my tires (and the family fleet), which is fine for my driving.

I think it's worth noting that increasing octane prevents detonation, not pre-ignition. They are two different phenomena. Often the terms are used interchangeably, but incorrectly.
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